Instance segmentation in videos, which aims to segment and track multiple objects in video frames, has garnered a flurry of research attention in recent years. In this paper, we present a novel weakly supervised framework with \textbf{S}patio-\textbf{T}emporal \textbf{C}ollaboration for instance \textbf{Seg}mentation in videos, namely \textbf{STC-Seg}. Concretely, STC-Seg demonstrates four contributions. First, we leverage the complementary representations from unsupervised depth estimation and optical flow to produce effective pseudo-labels for training deep networks and predicting high-quality instance masks. Second, to enhance the mask generation, we devise a puzzle loss, which enables end-to-end training using box-level annotations. Third, our tracking module jointly utilizes bounding-box diagonal points with spatio-temporal discrepancy to model movements, which largely improves the robustness to different object appearances. Finally, our framework is flexible and enables image-level instance segmentation methods to operate the video-level task. We conduct an extensive set of experiments on the KITTI MOTS and YT-VIS datasets. Experimental results demonstrate that our method achieves strong performance and even outperforms fully supervised TrackR-CNN and MaskTrack R-CNN. We believe that STC-Seg can be a valuable addition to the community, as it reflects the tip of an iceberg about the innovative opportunities in the weakly supervised paradigm for instance segmentation in videos.
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Federated learning (FL) is an effective technique to directly involve edge devices in machine learning training while preserving client privacy. However, the substantial communication overhead of FL makes training challenging when edge devices have limited network bandwidth. Existing work to optimize FL bandwidth overlooks downstream transmission and does not account for FL client sampling. In this paper we propose GlueFL, a framework that incorporates new client sampling and model compression algorithms to mitigate low download bandwidths of FL clients. GlueFL prioritizes recently used clients and bounds the number of changed positions in compression masks in each round. Across three popular FL datasets and three state-of-the-art strategies, GlueFL reduces downstream client bandwidth by 27% on average and reduces training time by 29% on average.
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Predicting personality traits based on online posts has emerged as an important task in many fields such as social network analysis. One of the challenges of this task is assembling information from various posts into an overall profile for each user. While many previous solutions simply concatenate the posts into a long document and then encode the document by sequential or hierarchical models, they introduce unwarranted orders for the posts, which may mislead the models. In this paper, we propose a dynamic deep graph convolutional network (D-DGCN) to overcome the above limitation. Specifically, we design a learn-to-connect approach that adopts a dynamic multi-hop structure instead of a deterministic structure, and combine it with a DGCN module to automatically learn the connections between posts. The modules of post encoder, learn-to-connect, and DGCN are jointly trained in an end-to-end manner. Experimental results on the Kaggle and Pandora datasets show the superior performance of D-DGCN to state-of-the-art baselines. Our code is available at https://github.com/djz233/D-DGCN.
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Active learning with strong and weak labelers considers a practical setting where we have access to both costly but accurate strong labelers and inaccurate but cheap predictions provided by weak labelers. We study this problem in the streaming setting, where decisions must be taken \textit{online}. We design a novel algorithmic template, Weak Labeler Active Cover (WL-AC), that is able to robustly leverage the lower quality weak labelers to reduce the query complexity while retaining the desired level of accuracy. Prior active learning algorithms with access to weak labelers learn a difference classifier which predicts where the weak labels differ from strong labelers; this requires the strong assumption of realizability of the difference classifier (Zhang and Chaudhuri,2015). WL-AC bypasses this \textit{realizability} assumption and thus is applicable to many real-world scenarios such as random corrupted weak labels and high dimensional family of difference classifiers (\textit{e.g.,} deep neural nets). Moreover, WL-AC cleverly trades off evaluating the quality with full exploitation of weak labelers, which allows to convert any active learning strategy to one that can leverage weak labelers. We provide an instantiation of this template that achieves the optimal query complexity for any given weak labeler, without knowing its accuracy a-priori. Empirically, we propose an instantiation of the WL-AC template that can be efficiently implemented for large-scale models (\textit{e.g}., deep neural nets) and show its effectiveness on the corrupted-MNIST dataset by significantly reducing the number of labels while keeping the same accuracy as in passive learning.
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历史互动是推荐模型培训的默认选择,通常表现出高稀疏性,即大多数用户项目对都是未观察到的缺失数据。标准选择是将缺失的数据视为负训练样本,并估计用户项目对之间的相互作用以及观察到的相互作用。通过这种方式,在训练过程中不可避免地会误标记一些潜在的互动,这将损害模型的保真度,阻碍模型回忆起错误标签的项目,尤其是长尾尾。在这项工作中,我们从新的不确定性的新角度研究了标签的问题,该问题描述了缺失数据的固有随机性。随机性促使我们超越了相互作用的可能性,并接受了不确定性建模。为此,我们提出了一个新的不确定性不确定性建议(AUR)框架,该框架由新的不确定性估计器以及正常的推荐模型组成。根据核心不确定性理论,我们得出了一个新的建议目标来学习估计量。由于错误标签的机会反映了一对的潜力,因此AUR根据不确定性提出了建议,该建议被证明是为了改善较不受欢迎的项目的建议性能而不会牺牲整体性能。我们在三个代表性推荐模型上实例化AUR:来自主流模型体系结构的矩阵分解(MF),LightGCN和VAE。两个现实世界数据集的广泛结果验证了AUR W.R.T.的有效性。更好的建议结果,尤其是在长尾项目上。
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面向任务的对话框(TOD)系统通常需要与外部知识库的互动,以检索必要的实体(例如餐厅)信息以支持响应生成。大多数当前的端到端TOD系统要么明确检索KB信息,要么将其嵌入模型参数中以进行隐式访问。后一种方法显示出更高的灵活性和效率。在这两种方法中,系统都可以通过冲突的实体信息产生响应。为了解决此问题,我们建议先生成实体自动加压,并利用它来指导端到端系统中的响应生成。为了确保实体的一致性,我们对实体生成强加了三位一体的约束。我们还引入了logit串联策略,以促进梯度反向传播进行端到端培训。 Multiwoz 2.1单一和CAMREST的实验表明,我们的系统可以产生更多的高质量和实体一致的响应。
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预训练的语言模型(PLM)在自然语言理解中的许多下游任务中取得了显着的性能增长。已提出了各种中文PLM,以学习更好的中文表示。但是,大多数当前模型都使用中文字符作为输入,并且无法编码中文单词中包含的语义信息。虽然最近的预训练模型同时融合了单词和字符,但它们通常会遭受不足的语义互动,并且无法捕获单词和字符之间的语义关系。为了解决上述问题,我们提出了一个简单而有效的PLM小扣手,该小扣子采用了对单词和性格表示的对比度学习。特别是,Clower通过对多透明信息的对比学习将粗粒的信息(即单词)隐式编码为细粒度表示(即字符)。在现实的情况下,小电动器具有很大的价值,因为它可以轻松地将其纳入任何现有的基于细粒的PLM中而无需修改生产管道。在一系列下游任务上进行的扩展实验表明,小动物的卓越性能超过了几个最先进的实验 - 艺术基线。
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老年人的跌倒检测是一些经过深入研究的问题,其中包括多种拟议的解决方案,包括可穿戴和不可磨损的技术。尽管现有技术的检测率很高,但由于需要佩戴设备和用户隐私问题,因此缺乏目标人群的采用。我们的论文提供了一种新颖的,不可磨损的,不受欢迎的和可扩展的解决方案,用于秋季检测,该解决方案部署在配备麦克风的自主移动机器人上。所提出的方法使用人们在房屋中记录的环境声音输入。我们专门针对浴室环境,因为它很容易跌落,并且在不危害用户隐私的情况下无法部署现有技术。目前的工作开发了一种基于变压器体系结构的解决方案,该解决方案从浴室中获取嘈杂的声音输入,并将其分为秋季/禁止类别,准确性为0.8673。此外,提出的方法可扩展到其他室内环境,除了浴室外,还适合在老年家庭,医院和康复设施中部署,而无需用户佩戴任何设备或不断受到传感器的“观察”。
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面姿势估计是指通过单个RGB图像预测面部取向的任务。这是一个重要的研究主题,在计算机视觉中具有广泛的应用。最近已经提出了基于标签的分布学习(LDL)方法进行面部姿势估计,从而实现了有希望的结果。但是,现有的LDL方法有两个主要问题。首先,标签分布的期望是偏见的,导致姿势估计。其次,将固定的分布参数用于所有学习样本,严重限制了模型能力。在本文中,我们提出了一种各向异性球形高斯(ASG)的LDL方法进行面部姿势估计。特别是,我们的方法在单位球体上采用了球形高斯分布,该分布不断产生公正的期望。同时,我们引入了一个新的损失功能,该功能使网络可以灵活地学习每个学习样本的分布参数。广泛的实验结果表明,我们的方法在AFLW2000和BIWI数据集上设置了新的最新记录。
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属性值提取是指识别来自产品信息的感兴趣属性的值的任务。产品属性值在许多电子商务方案中是必不可少的,例如客户服务机器人,产品排名,检索和建议。在现实世界中,产品的属性值通常不完整并随着时间的变化而变化,这极大地阻碍了实际应用。在本文中,我们介绍了一个新的数据集,以更好地促进产品属性值提取的研究。 Mave由亚马逊页面的策划组220万产品组成,跨越1257个独特类别的300万个属性值注释。 Mave有四个主要和独特的优势:首先,Mave是由属性值示例的数量的最大产品属性值提取数据集。其次,MAVE包括来自产品的多源表示,其捕获具有高属性覆盖的完整产品信息。第三,Mave表示相对于先前的数据集覆盖范围的更多样化的属性和值。最后,Mave提供了一个非常具有挑战性的零点测试集,因为我们经验在实验中说明。我们进一步提出了一种新的方法,它有效地从多源产品信息中提取了属性值。我们使用几个基线进行广泛的实验,并显示MAVE是属性值提取任务的有效数据集。它在零拍摄属性提取也是一个非常具有挑战性的任务。数据可在{\ it \ url {https://github.com/google-research-datasets/mave}}上获得。
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